No Prayer in Public Schools Essay - 517 Words

In 1789, delegates from the 13 states of a new nation created a Constitution that established policies which had never before been seen. One of those policies guaranteed a complete seperation of Church and State. However, almost 210 years later, the relationship between public school and religion is still unclear. What must be realized is that religious practice in school is against the very basic policies of our nation. In a country as diverse as the United States, openly observing any religion in a school has the possibility of inflicting offense onto others. School should be a place where students feel comfortable to learn and achieve. No student should have to learn to deal with feelings of discomfort based on the actions of a†¦show more content†¦Often times, openly practicing religion at school can be found to be discomforting, or even offensive. One such example occured earlier this year in an activity sponsored by Saratoga Highs Alive club. In this activity, groups of Christian teens gathered together to pray during tutorial in front of the schools main enterance. Harmless as this event may have seemed, it nonetheless sparked feelings of discomfort from Christians and non-Christians alike. Many students felt uncomfortable walking past the group. Others felt excluded by the congregation of over 30 students crowding the entrance. Junior Alive member Ceron Rhee said in its defense that the exercise wasnt meant to harm anyone. That they were merely in their own little world. Yet, to non-Christians, this open practice could have been interpreted as an open advocacy of the Christian faith. Though the event may have inflicted no actual harm, it nonetheless resulted in discomfort. Using religion for charity and education is commendable, but practicing religion at school should not be allowed. Though those practicing the religion may intend no malice toward others, the fact that they are exercising religion could potentially cause exclusion and discomfort. But if a religion is practiced in open view causing others to feel uncomfortable or excluded, that should not be allowed. If flyers are being passed out inviting students to attend an off-campus religiousShow MoreRelatedThe Prayer On Public Schools1240 Words   |  5 PagesFor much of the 20th Century and into the 21st, school prayer has been the focal point of an ongoing debate about the position of religion in American civilization. The question of the legality of prayer in public schools brings together a number of important notions in American government and legal philosophy. Opponents and proponents of school prayer set forth their arguments in such major constitutional issues as the separation of church and state, the right to free exercise of religion, and theRead MorePrayer in Public Schools656 Words   |  3 PagesThe United States was built on prayer. Prayer or religion is on our currency in the many halls of our justice and federal buildings so no matter where we go, we cannot escape prayer. Our founding fathers did not exclude the bible in building our nation and educating our future and there will be no expectation. No matter what there will be prayer no matter where you are. Some people just don’t believe in God that’s why some don’t want prayer in public school. Though each of the clauses are originallyRead MorePrayer in the Public Schools1111 Words   |  5 PagesPrayer in the Public Schools Diana Brown Everest Online Composition 1-226 ABSTRACT This essay is composed of facts supporting that prayer in Public Schools would be beneficial for the children and the United States of America. Prayer is an address to God or a god in word or thoughts. The Anti- Defamation League states that, â€Å"A moment of silence will inevitably be unconstitutional or the purpose and effect of such moments of silence are invariably to advance religion. The U.S. Supreme CourtRead MorePrayer in Public Schools894 Words   |  4 Pages Should prayer be allowed in public schools? This is a question with a highly controversial answer. There are many different angles to this question with varying ideas and opinions that never seem to agree with one another. The issue of prayer in public schools has, and will continue to be, at the center of many controversial debates. Just consider the fact that public educational system in United States is a secular or non-religious one that is quick to shut down any religious actions. This isRead MorePrayer On Public Schools : The Public School System1032 Words   |  5 PagesAllow Prayer in Public Schools The public school system should allow students, all across the United States of America, to express themselves freely whenever they would like. Most Americans support the idea of allowing students to pray during school. In the year 2001, 66% of Americans voted that they favor the idea of prayer during school; however, 34% opposed the idea of praying during school. In the year 2014, 61% of Americans voted that they support the idea of praying during school; howeverRead MoreThe Prayer Of A Public School768 Words   |  4 PagesMany people in Southern Missouri believe that we need to have more religion in schools. â€Å"Keep Christ in Christmas,† â€Å"One nation under God,† and post the Ten Commandments on every wall in public buildings. This is an easy rallying cry because most people in rural Southwest Missouri share the same Christian beliefs. There is a place for these types of soapboxes. That place is called church. Schools are designed to prepare students for the college and career. Churches are designed to prepare congregationsRead MoreEssay on Prayer in Public Schools1051 Words   |  5 PagesPrayer in Public Schools An issue that has been constantly debated for years is whether voluntary prayer in public schools should be permitted. A student should be allowed to pray voluntarily at the beginning of each school day based on many reasons. Prayer based on moral beliefs reinforce good citizenship as defined by our forefathers. A daily reminder of a need for the belief of good over evil is a necessary part of this society. Daily voluntary school prayer should be re-instated in publicRead More No Prayer in Public Schools Essay746 Words   |  3 PagesNo Prayer in Public Schools Chapter three of Civil Liberties: Opposing Viewpoints inspired me to research today’s issues of school prayer. To understand how we got to where we are today, I first delved into our countries history of court cases pertaining to rulings on prayer in schools. Lastly, to update my audience on how our lives are being affected today, I directed my efforts toward finding current situations. By analyzing these situations, I gained knowledge for a better understanding ofRead MorePrayer in Public Schools Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pagestype of school students attend, organized prayer is mandatory, allowed, or banned. In the United States, organized prayer in public schools is prohibited because it goes against the Constitution’s separation of church and state (Jinkins 123). The United States promises religious freedom, but is yet to define the degree and limitation of that liberty. However, American citizens have been debating for many years, whether organized prayer should be an option or obligation in public schools. Some peopleRead More Prayer in Public School Essay3032 Words   |  13 Pagesthere is a way to express ones deepest thoughts and feelings--prayer. Prayer is something that most people due naturally. Whether it is in the morning before you start your day, before a meal, before you go to sleep, or when you just feel the need to express your feelings, prayer is always there. Religious faiths believe that this is central to human life. Even those who are not religious pray. Prayer affects the material universe. Prayer can be defined as an earnest request; a humble entreaty addressed

Essay about The History and Pillars of Islam - 723 Words

How can we define Islam? Is it worship and a way of living? Or it is only performing the Islam pillars (performing payers five times per day, fasting on Ramadan, giving Zakat, and going for Hajj for those who can offer) â€Å"Being born Muslims in a Muslim country we don’t bother to look beyond the fact of being followers of Islam† (aslam).Islam is one of the main and major monotheistic religions as Christianity and Judaism which have been there since long time. Globally, it considers the second biggest religion and the most growing one among the other religions. As it has been motioned by Kobeisy (2004) â€Å"The number of Muslims in the world is approximately 1.2 billion, one-fifth of the world population† p.11. The importance of Islam lies behind†¦show more content†¦So Muslim should be for the reason of seeking the satisfaction of Allah, and that mentioned in the Quran in Surat Ibrahim , (verses 17) as interpreted to English language â€Å"Allah kee ps firm those who believe, with the firm word, in worldly life and hereafter ,And Allah sends the wrongdoers .And Allah does what He wills.† Second reason is asking help from Allah and believing that the only help can come only from Allah. The third reason is being a non stoppable seeker for knowledge which will lead to be in the exact and the right path of Islam as learning assists in getting more information about what suppose to be done for paradise. The most essential reason is having a good appetite for the Holy Quran, not only by reading and recitation it. But also, remembering the Quran by heart, and applying what it says in our daily living routine as it is a significant pillar for preserving the life. Being afraid from Allah and having piety is one of the keys that bring sustenance, that can be seen in Surat At- Talaq, (verses 2-3) as translate â€Å"Whoever fears Allah –He will make for him a way out , and will provide for him from where he does not expectâ € . Since Allah is the creator of the heavens and the earth, the good Muslim will always remember and recall that Allah brings peace of mind as obviously declared in Surat Ar-Ra’d, (verses 18) as explained in English â€Å"Those who have believed and whoseShow MoreRelatedEssay on Islam: A Religion and Culture1630 Words   |  7 PagesIslam: A Religion and Culture Islam is one of the oldest religions in history dating back to about 600 AD. It began when a man named Muhammad heard a voice from the heavens instructing him to proclaim the word of god. Currently there are over 800 million followers of the Muslim religion. The main text of the religion is the Quran which is said to be the word of God, or Allah as called in Muslim. Within the Quran, The five pillars of Islam are proclaimed along with many other concepts very uniqueRead MoreThe History Of Islam And Islam1247 Words   |  5 PagesThe History of Islam Islam is a religion that was founded in 622 C.E. Its origin is traced to the Arabian Peninsula, and currently has an estimated 1.5 billion followers’ worldwide. The sacred texts that are associated with Islam is the Qur’an and Allah is the Deity they pay homage to. Muslims believe that there is only one true God and several time per day, they stop everything to participate in prayer rituals. The region, in which Islam was founded, was a melting pot of religious beliefs. ThereRead MoreEssay about The Five Doctrinal Tenets of Islam1546 Words   |  7 PagesTenets of Islam Islam is, debatably, the fastest growing religion in the world today. At a level of 1.2 billion, they represent approximately 22% of the worlds population. Moslems make up the second largest religion in the world, surpassed only to Christianity at 33%. This is according to the 1999 World Almanac and Book of Facts (724). What is Islam? Who is a Moslem? What do they believe? How does one become a Moslem? In 1964, Philip K. Hitti addressed the rapid emergence of Islam throughoutRead MoreUnderstanding Islam1108 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding Islam Darren Crowe February 2, 2016 Sarah Mueller Understanding Islam Islam Islam dates back into the 6th century AD, the religion of the Muslims and a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah. The word Islam means submission or surrender and Muslim means one who surrenders themselves to God. The Arabic word for god is Allah which has become a kind of name of God in Islam. The Mosque is most known place to worship in the Muslim communityRead MoreA Brief History of Islam Essay545 Words   |  3 Pages There are three great western religions that through history have globally expanded throughout the world. One of those western religions is Islam. Islam was first introduced and developed on the Arabian Peninsula. Islam, like Judaism and Christianity, is a monotheistic religion. Islam means submission to one god. The followers of Islam are known as Muslims. One primary leader of Islam is a man named Muhammad. When an economy began to develop in the Arabian Peninsula and the city of MeccaRead MoreIslam Is The Fastest Growing Religion1731 Words   |  7 Pageschoice. Islam has been presented to the United States and the world as a peaceful and accepting religion that is based on the teachings of the Quran. According to Robert Spencer in his book Islam Unveiled, â€Å"Islam is the fastest-growing religion in the world today. Islam now counts among its adherents one out of every five people on earth.† (Spencer 36). However, on September 11, 2001 as the World Trade Center buildings exploded into flames, America and the rest of the world’s view of Islam and MuslimRead MoreEssay on Five Pillars of Islam1239 Words   |  5 PagesFebruary 28, 2005 The Five Pillars of Islam After watching The Five Pillars of Islam it has made me rather interested in the history and origin of the Islamic religion. So often today we see the Islam as a religion of terrorism, and war. We see it as a religion of people that have nothing in their heart but bad. The truth is that Islam was started on principles very different from what we see in the news or hear on the radio. Islam rather has a long rich history that is full of some of theRead MoreCompare And Contrast The Three Pillars Of Islam1157 Words   |  5 PagesPillars of Islam Compared to Christian Beliefs In Islam and Christianity, there are similar and different beliefs and practices. In Islam, the five pillars form the core of the religion. Muslims go about their lives abiding by these pillars (â€Å"Islam†). In Christianity, there are not necessarily pillars, but there are commandments that one should live their life by (â€Å"Christianity†). The three pillars of Islam that will be identified resemble some of the beliefs in Christianity. The declaration of faithRead MoreIs The Heart Of Islam?983 Words   |  4 PagesWhat, in your opinion, is the heart of Islam? The heart of Islam is The One True God. The concept of one God is the basis on which the entire religion of Islam revolves around. This concept is the foundation upon with the religion of Islam is built. In fact, the actual definition of Islam means submission; submission to their one true God. Islam followers are called Muslim and the definition of Muslim means one who surrenders or submits to the will of God. Based on these definitions alone, itRead MoreIslam More Than a Religion1408 Words   |  6 PagesIslam More Than A Religion Despite its huge following around the world and the growing Muslim communities in the United States, Islam is foreign to most Americans who are familiar with Christianity or Judaism. Because most Americans know little or nothing about Islam, they have many misconceptions about Muslim beliefs and rituals. The negative image many people in the United States and Europe have of Islam and the Muslim world has a long history. Many have judged Islam without making an effort

Investigating the development and importance of the auditing standards Free Essays

The regulative environment makes it compulsory that organisations such as limited liability companies must be audited by an independent external hearer qualified under the ordinances of professional organic structures internationally or nationally to guarantee that the company is working in conformity to the company jurisprudence set by several states. An external hearer maps as an independent organic structure appointed by and studies to stockholders to show an sentiment whether the fiscal statements are prepared, in all stuff respects, true and just and in conformity to the applicable fiscal coverage model ( Pflugrath G. , Martinov-Bennie N. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigating the development and importance of the auditing standards or any similar topic only for you Order Now and Chen L. , 2007 ) . In describing to the stockholders, the hearer provides sensible confidence whereby they do non vouch fiscal statements are free from material misstatements but instead at an acceptable degree. Professional organic structures worldwide carries a responsibility to put auditing criterions to play a function of helping hearers in executing responsibilities in order to supply high degree of assurance to intended users of the Financial Statements ( Noreen, 1988 ; Siegel et al. , 1995 ; Wotruba et al. , 2001 ) . 2.0 Main Report 2.1 Development of auditing criterions There are three regulative environments which govern statutory audits and one of them is scrutinizing criterions. At International degree, the International Federation of Accountants ( IFAC ) is the planetary organisation for the accounting profession. An independent standard-setting board under IFAC is known as the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board ( IAASB ) . The IAASB developed the International Standards on Auditing ( ISAs ) to be carried out on audit battles. As for National degree, ordinances differ as there are assorted standard scene organic structures which choose to follow the ISAs by modifying it or to put their ain criterions to accommodate harmonizing to single states. In Malaysia, the Malaysian Institute of Accountants ( MIA ) , a member of IFAC is responsible in developing the Malaysian Approved Standards on Auditing ( AI ) which adopts the modified ISAs. However, the latest development states the execution of a new board which is the Audit and Assur ance Standard Board ( AASB ) ( Cosserat and Rodda, 2009 ) . 2.2 Importance of the auditing criterions. An scrutinizing criterion is a signifier of the current best pattern applicable in statutory audit battles by sanctioned hearers which sets a minimal degree of proficient proficiency to guarantee work done is of high quality auditing and at the same clip supplying high degree of confidence ( Jubb and Houghton, 2007 ; Simnett, 2007 ) . It is a signifier of benchmarking the strength of accomplishing aims of the professional organic structures in being a function theoretical account in the accounting profession as stated by Watkins et Al. ( 2004 ) , and besides safeguarding the place of hearers whilst scrutinizing fiscal statements. Through professional and ethical criterions such as independence and unity, Alfredson, K. et Al. ( 2005 ) states that hearers carry out elaborate plants to value a capable affair whether it is of true and just position. Once a decision is made, the sentiment obtained would find the degree of assurance the populace would hold towards the fiscal statements ( Alfredson, K. et al. , 2005 ) . This adds on to cut downing the hazard factor faced by users of the fiscal statements ( Martinov, 2004 ) as it deters managers of an entity to transport out deceitful activities. At the same clip, it besides indirectly strengthens the audit profession as the populace would hold an increased assurance degree taking to a better feeling towards hearers in general ( Simnett, 2007 ; Dellaportas, Senarath Yapa and Sivanantham, 2008 ) . As processs of executing a statutory audit is consistent and of principles-based, it becomes less stiff and flexible to be implemented on the audit plants carried out on fiscal statements. Aside from that, as agreed by Noreen, 1988 ; Siegel et al. , 1995 ; Wotruba et Al. ( 2001 ) ; it may be able to cut down clip factor as hearers are able to be after and analyse which country are important to be tested more and frailty versa because they are already well-versed with the audit processs set by the criterions. However, this may present as a menace because the usage of their ain opinion becomes excessively subjective and therefore, they may be given to be excessively indulgent during audit processs and beltway on of import affairs. Hearers could even deliberately choose non to execute so much elaborate work and merely province fiscal statements as true and just since wittingly for the past history, it has been stated as so ( Jones et al. , 2003 ; Herron and Gilbertson, 2004 ) . From this affair, it can be of advantage to managers to carry on deceitful activities because hearers can merely see an sentiment on fraud but non able to observe and forestall it. It is the responsibility of the direction and managers to go to to deceitful possibilities in a company. With that said, they may choose to non follow deliberately by declining to unwrap gray countries in its fiscal statements or relevant information needed to execute the audit ( Cosserat and Rodda, 2009 ) . While saying to be able to accomplish high quality audits worldwide, a smattering of states still implement their ain auditing criterions to accommodate their national statute laws and traditions ( Samuels and Piper, 1985 ; Tarca, 1998 ; cited in Dellaportas, Senarath Yapa and Sivanantham, 2008 ) . This is likely due to the fact that there are still many developing states which do non hold professional organic structures for such a intent as this or even states like in the United States of America whereby they adopt a different criterion which is of rule-based ( Simnett, 2007 ) . All this may reciprocally do a hold and obstructor to harmonisation of criterions across the Earth in concurrence to international convergence ( Weetman, 2006 ) . Aside from that, consistent updating and alteration of criterions poses a demand to maintain oneself updated taking to a deficiency of assurance while executing responsibilities due to inaccurate executing of criterions implied on audit work as there are restrictions to how much one can make at a period of clip. Being excessively proficient with ordinances may do hearers to be ‘stiff ‘ in their public presentation and therefore, lack grasp on findings of samples, trial objects and the appraisal of analytical processs. 2.3 Aims and Activities of IAASB and AASB Work done by the IAASB is monitored by the inadvertence organic structure known as the Public Interest Oversight Board ( PIOB ) whereby the populace ‘s involvement is involved sing proper revelations and transparence of issues that concerns to bettering the overall mission and to accomplish aims of the professional organic structure ( Dellaportas, Senarath Yapa and Sivanantham, 2008 ) . IAASB came up with a development of a plan in the twelvemonth 2004, which functions to redraft the full ISAs either partly to change countries in the ISAs or to to the full bring down new lucidity conventions where applicable. The Clarity Project reached a degree of completion upon confirmation by the PIOB and now contributes 36 freshly clarified criterions as guidelines in confidence battle by qualified hearers worldwide ( Accountants Today, June 2009 ) . Judging from the fact that the criterions now clearly identifies the aims and duties an hearer faces, a better apprehension of the full construct and public consciousness are gained ( Buchanan, F.R. , 2003 ) . The freshly improved criterions are by-far less proficient and therefore, easy to be adopted by practicians to be implemented on processs carried out for confidence battle. The whole intent of carry oning the lucidity undertaking is to do the criterions more appropriate and updated with the recent environment and at the same clip to help and update users of relevant information and a clearer position of using each criterion for the benefit of the populace ( Dellaportas, Senarath Yapa and Sivanantham, 2008 ) . The assurance of the populace in fiscal coverage activities would finally be increased ( Alfredson, K. , Leo, K. , Picker, R. , Pacter, P. and Radford, J. , 2005 ) . It is in a manner a good thing to invariably upgrade and redraft the criterions to accommodate the current coverage environment ( Humphrey, C. and Turley, S. , 2006 ) . However, there may be a little disadvantage in the sense of doing the revised criterions known to its users. The professional organic structures would necessitate to carry on seminars or station notices to all members of the professional organic structures to inform them of such amendments that has taken topographic point. This finally takes clip and attempts and may even incur a little cost to be carried out. Similarly the IAASB, the AASB plays a similar function in continuing an acceptable degree of quality professional services and high ethical behavior amongst practicians. The MIA further justified the desire of standing-out in the standard-setting procedure trusting that Malayan market can be integrated internationally so that point of views can be mentioned earlier alternatively of acquiring secondhand attending in order to germinate criterions that are more suited to the nature of the Malayan market ( Izma N. , 2009 ) . Implementing the ISAs by the AASB is a signifier of doing attempts to heighten the fiscal markets of Malaysia in going more competitory and stable. At the same clip, it besides improves professional unity and quality of audit plants by hearers. Under the backing of the MIA, AASB will go on to run into rigorous outlooks of stakeholders every bit good as traveling towards a holistic international convergence of criterions and enhance assurance of users through proper counsel in audit and confidence services. This may turn out to be a good measure in front in concurrence to be inline with the harmonisation of criterions in the universe today and besides to prepare the fiscal place of the state in order to hike assurance of the public one time once more ( Chan and Leung, 2006 ) . Therefore, conformity with scrutinizing criterions such as the ISAs and implementing it into aims and duties stated by the professional organic structures need to be acted out rapidly so as to non fall behind in clip because it can be rather a drawn-out procedure which is non accomplishable overnight ( Izma N. , 2009 ) . 2.4 Further Regulations Codes of Corporate Governance Corporate administration is the system whereby companies are directed and controlled. Cosserat and Rodda, 2009 mentioned that it is utile in avoiding affairs such as struggles of involvement seen in the bureau theory between the directors ( agents ) and the stockholders ( principal ) . In conformity to the UK Combined Codes of best patterns, the board of an entity is encouraged to organize an audit commission to guard the independency and objectiveness of hearers. An audit commission plays a function as an independent point of mention to turn to sing issues of struggle between the board of managers and the external hearers. Aside from that, in order to better external audit processs, they have a responsibility to supervise the unity of managers in fixing fiscal statements. Codes of Ethical motives The burden is ever on the hearer non merely to be ethical but besides to be seen as ethical. The International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants ( IESBA ) establishes a conceptual model for all practicians to adhere to five regulations: unity, objectiveness, professional competency and due attention, confidentiality and professional behavior. Menaces to these rules are to be identified and applied with several precautions to extenuate it. Hearers are subjected to ethical demands by professional organic structures because the public relies on hearers to bring forth an independent sentiment during confidence battles ( Pflugrath G. , Martinov-Bennie N. and Chen L. , 2007 ) . They farther elaborated that a high quality audit, consisting of professional competency and due attention features need to be conducted as hearers have entree to confidential information of the entity. Company Law An hearer is required to execute an one-year audit abiding by statutory responsibilities to describe to stockholders on whether fiscal statements are of a true and just position and in conformity to approved criterions. They need to be independent and persevering and province if sufficient information has been obtained and that the company has kept proper records harmonizing to the jurisprudence. The hearer must besides name out lacks of their findings in the hearer ‘s study. The company jurisprudence besides determines the rights, assignment, remotion and surrender of hearers and the liability of hearers to stockholders and 3rd parties ( Cosserat and Rodda, 2009 ) . 3.0 Decision The result of these findings discussed has added cognition to a better apprehension of the full audit and confidence rhythm. The responsibilities of an external hearer must be based on appropriate conceptual models developed either internationally or nationally harmonizing to the suitableness of several states. They need to execute a statutory battle required by the company jurisprudence, which is of high but non absolute confidence that the fiscal statements are free from material misstatements. An overview of the constitution of scrutinizing criterions, its aims and importance to benchmark the quality of hearers in executing responsibilities and corporate administration, company jurisprudence and ethical codifications as extra ordinances in heightening the function of hearers were identified. Furthermore, the chief thought of separating IAASB and AASB on its maps and activities in the universe today has added cognition to the deepnesss of 1s ‘ head. Therefore, the several sta ndards-setting boards need to foster enhance and beef up its actions and processs in order to accomplish international convergence and quality criterions to function the public better and increase in its objectiveness effectivity. How to cite Investigating the development and importance of the auditing standards, Essay examples

Bogdan Ficeac 8211 The Communist censorship and th Essay Example For Students

Bogdan Ficeac 8211 The Communist censorship and th Essay e formation of the new manBogdan Ficeac The Communist Censorship and theFormation of the New Man, Nemira Publishing House,Politica collection ,1999, Bucharest, 125 pagesFirst published in 1999 at Nemira publishing house in the Politica collection, i may say that it is one of the first books that looks upon the instruments of opression and manipultion during the communist rgime period in Romania. But what stroke me about Ficeacs book was the multitude of examples of how the Communist Party very rapidly succeded in gaining control over all the forms of mass-information of that time. The study that Bogdan Ficeac makes is quite thoroughly, a proof of the hard work of collecting data that he had done. The book consists mainly of two parts. The first part deals with the internal motivation of a totalitatian rgime to make its citizens to worship the political leaders. The second one is more arid because of the many quatations from the RCP govrmental ordinances, laws, and regulamentations, but in spite of this fact is the juciest part of the book, you will convince of that yourselves. The subject is not new, but the approach is very accurate.First, an social-psychological attempt to find the utility of thought control for totalitarian rgimes, because thought control is what Ficeac says is the supreme goal of a communist or fundamentalist rgime. If you ever wondered how did the socialists induce that great amount of obedience to the great majority of the population, the answer that Bogdan Ficeac offers will surprise some of you it is not a case of obedience but rather a case of belief, a much more internal resort.The main goal of the leaders of a totalitarian system is not to govern by the use of force (coercion) nor to destroy their enemies, but rather to determine their the subjects to sincerely think the way the leaders want. In order to achieve that the leaders resort to controling the information. Thus, the indivuduals life experience and the totality of his impressions, conceptions and life conclusions are remodeled for the use of the leaders. What is the use of the leaders if not a population of hard-working, 100% compliant individuals ? Only that the leaders (do you remember ?) want their subjects to act according to the state ideology freely, by every citizen own choice. In that sense, they (the leaders) begin to create the proper framework for the (artificial) emrgence of what Ficeac calls the new man. In Romania this complicated and wicked plan was carried following the USSRs example, sometimes even to the smallest details, a good example in this sense I can recall the replacement of the word censure with a more soften formula : the control of the press, publications, and printings. This replacement has not brought any change; on the contrary, it was made for a better concealment of the hardening of the state control over basically any type of source of information. The communist rgimes controlled all the sources of mass information for two reasons: on one hand to feed the minds of their subjects so as to direct them in the desired direction and on the other to eliminate the other sources of information that could jeopardize their mission. Bogdan Ficeac takes a close look at the emotional and internal aspects of how people embrace the state ideology and censorship. Here he identifies eight ways trough which the state can gain control over the peoples mind : the control of human communications, the mystic manipulation, the purity request, the cult of confession, the sacred science, the re-molding of the language, the doctrine above human, and the social delimitation. The author gives examples for every way showing the actions through which the Romanian Communist Party concealed any facts that would have prejudiced the reputation of the socialist system (you have to bear in mind that the Cold War was on and the Soviet Union along with all its allies wanted to prove to the whole human kind that a socialist rgime was the best system ever, for they posed in defenders of human rights, liberty, and popular democracy ). This is not new for Ficeac, who had studied the phenomenon of manipulation very closely and he has underlined the effects of mental manipulation especially through mass-media. The theorists of totalitarianism use lie as their most effective instrument in order to redefine the past (the national and even international history) and finally the language. By redefining the language they ease the implementation of the new theories concerning the superiority of the socialist rgime. .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 , .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 .postImageUrl , .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 , .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425:hover , .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425:visited , .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425:active { border:0!important; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425:active , .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Ramayana Family Role EssayBibliography:1.Bogdan Ficeac, Tehnici de manipulare(rom), Nemira 2.R.J. Lifton, Reforma gandirii si psihologia totalitarianismului (rom.) blishing House, Politica collection, 1998